American National Standard

Testing and Rating of —
Severe Windstorm Resistant Components
for Swinging Door Assemblies

ANSI A250.13-2008
Revision of ANSI A250.13-2003

1 Scope

1.1 This standard provides procedures for testing and establishing load ratings (design pressure in pounds per square foot or design load in pounds force) for components of exterior swinging door assemblies for purposes of protection of openings during severe windstorm conditions, such as a hurricane, that produces sustained wind speeds or gusts in a range of 110 to 170 miles per hour as defined by ASCE 7. It is not intended to simulate wind forces generated by tornadoes.

1.2 The procedures cover all components normally assembled to form an exterior swinging door system. This includes door frames, hardware mullions, thresholds, frame anchorage, hinges, locksets, latches and bolts, doors, sidelights, transoms and glazing systems. This procedure applies to both single swing and pair assemblies and also includes procedures for testing and rating components for both in-swing and out-swing installations.

1.3 The evaluations required by this standard are based on the performance tests specified in ASTM E1886, ASTM E1996 and ASTM E330.

1.4 Evaluations under this procedure are designed to determine the ability of exterior doors to remain closed under conditions present in severe windstorms, including high, fluctuating wind speeds and the presence of wind-born debris. Assemblies meeting these requirements are less likely to open during a storm, preventing potentially large pressure differentials which may cause or contribute to major structural damage. This procedure does not consider it necessary for the door assembly to be capable of preventing water intrusion as a result of severe windstorm exposure conditions.

It is recognized that products and assemblies meeting these requirements will not necessarily prevent all forms of damage associated with hurricanes and other severe windstorms. It is also assumed that these assemblies themselves might be damaged in a severe windstorm to an extent that would require repair or replacement after such an event.

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2 Definitions

Severe Windstorm: A weather event such as a hurricane that produces sustained wind speeds or gusts in a range of 110 to 170 miles per hour.

Operable: Capable of being opened by the application of ordinary levels of applied force to the latch operator and door assembly.

Note: Door assemblies that have been subjected to the severe conditions of the tests involved in this method are not expected to be undamaged and thus will normally not operate with the low force levels generally required for undamaged assemblies. The goal is to provide an assembly that will remain closed during the windstorm, but not be damaged to the extent that it requires the use of tools to be opened after the event.

Stiffness Classification: A measure of a door’s overall resistance to bending as determined by a twist test under a prescribed loading condition. Stiffness classifications allow for the evaluation of exit hardware / door interactions where either the bending of the door may tend to cause disengagement of the latch, or where applied hardware may be capable of reinforcing the door to reduce bending under load.

Component: Any of several manufactured items, classified / listed and labeled, used in the construction and installation of a swinging door assembly. Components include door frames, doors, hardware, glazing systems and similar products normally supplied separately to a job-site where they are assembled and / or installed to form a complete assembly.

Design Load: The specified point force applied to a product. Units of measure are pounds force (lbf).

Design Pressure: The specified force applied to a specified unit area of product surface. Units of measure are pounds-force per square foot (psf).

Impact Energy: The specified dynamic load applied to a product. Units of measure are footpounds (ft-lbf).

In-Swing Door: A door with the push side on the exterior or that swings into the building when opened. Negative pressure acts to close this door and positive pressure acts to open this door.

Out-Swing Door: A door with the pull side on the exterior or that swings away from the building when opened. Negative pressure acts to open this door and positive pressure acts to close this door.

Labeled: Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organization that is acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspections of production of labeled equipment or materials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.

Classified: Products or materials of a specific group category that are constructed, inspected, tested and subsequently reinspected in accordance with an established set of requirements. The classification process is performed by an organization acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

Listed: Equipment materials or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) and concerned with evaluation of products or services, that maintains periodic evaluation of services and whose listing states that either the equipment, material, or service meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.

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3 General

3.1 Units of Measurement

3.1.1 When a value for measurement is followed by a value in other units in parentheses, the second value is only approximate. The first stated valueis the requirement. The primary units are inchpound. Appendix A contains a table of the Imperial values used in this standard and corresponding SI values.

3.1.2 Unless specifically indicated otherwise, tolerances shall be in accordance with Appendix A.

3.1.3 Where load ratings are to be applied in units of pounds per square foot (psf), these values shall be expressed in 5-pound-per-square-foot increments. For components that are rated in terms of pounds force, values shall be expressed in 10-pound increments. All rated values shall be determined by rounding down from values derived from tests.

3.2 Referenced Standards

3.2.1 ANSI/ASCE 7-02, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures

3.2.2 ANSI/SDI A250.4-2001, Test Procedure and Acceptance Criteria for Physical Endurance for Steel Doors, Frames, Frame Anchors and Hardware Reinforcings

3.2.3 ASTM E330-2002, Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference

3.2.4 ASTM E1886-2005, Standard Test Method for Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors, and Storm Shutters Impacted by Missile(s) and Exposed to Cyclic Pressure Differentials

3.2.5 ASTM E1996-2005, Standard Specification for Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, Doors and Storm Shutters Impacted by Windborne Debris in Hurricanes

3.2.6 ASTM F476-84 (2002) Standard Test Methods for Security of Swinging Door Assemblies

3.2.7 ANSI/BHMA A156.1-2000, Butts and Hinges

3.2.8 ANSI/BHMA A156.16-2002, Auxiliary Hardware

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3.3 Undated References

3.3.1 References to standards listed above shall be to the edition indicated.

4 Overview

4.1 The procedures in this document are designed to evaluate each critical component used in a swinging door assembly for the component’s ability to perform its intended function. The evaluation is conducted under the conditions of stress and loading the component would be subjected to in the testing of a complete assembly under the assembly test methods commonly specified for severe windstorm resistance.

4.2 The tests and evaluations required by this procedure include both the application of engineering safety factors and worst-case analysis to ensure that component substitutions in field assemblies will perform to the minimum levels expected.

4.3 Components evaluated by this method are classified into various strength categories that can be used to determine assembly ratings. A single component may have multiple ratings depending on various parameters such as size, number and location of anchors or fasteners, type of surrounding construction and other factors. Proper application of these ratings allows for the determination of an assembly’s design pressure rating and minimum impact energy resistance. These ratings are intended to be used to determine compliance with code requirements developed for complete assemblies.

4.3.1 Doors are rated for design pressure in pounds per square foot (psf), impact energy in foot-pounds (ft-lbf) and stiffness classification. Stiffness is required in determining the interaction between the door bending under load, transmission of impact energy to latching hardware and frames, and latching engagement. Stiffness class is intended only to establish use of exit hardware on doors.

4.4 Proper application of this standard requires a basic level of understanding of physics, mechanics and materials science.

4.5 This procedure provides specific tests and rating methods for the following components:
Section 5 – Door Frames
Section 6 – Hinges
Section 7 – Latching Hardware
Section 7.1 – Locksets (Bored, Mortise, Deadbolts)
Section 7.2 – Single Point Rim or Mortise Exit Devices
Section 7.3 – Multi-point Latches (including flush
and surface bolts)
Section 8 – Doors
Section 9 – Door Lite Kits
Section 10 – Sidelight and transom frames
Section 11 – Miscellaneous Components
Section 11.1 – Hardware Mullions
Section 11.2 – Thresholds

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5 Door Frames

5.1 Frames are to be evaluated in the largest door opening sizes, minimum jamb depth and minimum frame material thickness for which a design rating is to be determined. Frames intended for use in both single swing and pair assemblies shall be tested in both configurations. Frames are to be installed following the manufacturer’s written instructions which are to include:

a) Wall substrate – wood/steel stud, concrete, masonry, structural steel.
b) Anchors – number, size, type and spacing of anchors, anchor or bolt embedment, and number and type of fasteners required at each anchor location.
c) Reinforcements – location and attachment.
d) Gasketing – location, type and attachment.
e) Hinges – number, type, size and locations.
f) Latching Hardware – type and location.

5.2 Test Procedure

5.2.1 Static Pressure Test

5.2.1.1 The frame shall be installed into a test unit constructed to simulate the wall design specified by the frame manufacturer. The frame installation shall be in accordance with the frame manufacturer’s written instructions (refer to figure 1 for typical details). For wall designs that differ significantly from those shown, the test installation shall simulate actual intended wall design and anchorage.

A flush door rated for not less than the desired frame design pressure shall be mounted with the number of hinges specified by the frame manufacturer. For single-swing frames, a single-point simulated latch and a stainless steel strike shall be installed between 38" and 42" above the bottom of the frame (see figure 2.) The door and latching hardware shall be of sufficient strength so that they do not fail at the required test load. Door (s) shall be installed in the direction of swing for the desired listing.

Figure 1 – Wall Substrates for Frame Tests

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5.2.1.2 For pair frames, two flush doors rated for not less than the desired frame design pressure shall be installed with a simulated latching arrangement with a top and bottom bolt on the inactive door and a single point latch on the active door latching into the inactive door. The doors used are to be reinforced as described in 5.2.1.2.1 and latched as shown in figure 2.

If the manufacturer specifies other latch/lock locations, tests shall be conducted under specified conditions and the resulting rating shall specify the latching requirements.

5.2.1.2.1 The flush door used shall be reinforced along the latch or meeting edge by bolting a 1-1/4 inch by 1-1/4 inch by 3/16 inch structural steel angle to both faces of the door with 1/4-20 bolts at 16 (±) 1 inches on center and within 6 (±1) inches of the corners. The angle shall be placed such that the free leg of the angle is oriented toward the edge of the door and is located at 3 inches from the door latch edge (see figure 2).

Figure 2 – Door Reinforcement for Frame Tests

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5.2.1.3 The frame and door assembly shall be installed in a static pressure test chamber per the requirements of ASTM E330.

5.2.1.4 The assembly shall be subjected to a static pressure equal to 1.5 times the design pressure rating specified by the frame manufacturer under both positive and negative pressure. Each pressure cycle shall be applied for a minimum of 30 seconds, then released and reduced to zero.

5.2.1.5 At the conclusion of this test, the frame shall not prevent the door (s) from operating after the simulated latch bolt (s) has been retracted and a 15 pound force is applied at the mid-height of the door, horizontally 1 inch from the lock edge. The frame shall remain in the opening.

5.2.2 Impact Test

5.2.2.1 Upon completion of the static pressure test an identical assembly shall be subjected to impacts with an impact energy of 350 foot-pounds. The impact energy shall be delivered by one of the following two methods:

Method 1 – Deliver impact energy by a 100-pound total weight pendulum impactor fitted with a number 2 or better, 12-inch-long Douglas Fir or Southern Yellow Pine, nominal 2 by 4 striking face. The pendulum is to be suspended in a manner that assures a direct normal impact to the door assembly. Refer to ASTM F476 for details of a comparable pendulum impact device (see figure 3)

Figure 3 – Pendulum Impactor

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Method 2 – Deliver the impact energy in accordance with the impact method defined in ASTM E1996 using a 9 pound 2 x 4 missile impacting end-on at a velocity of 50 feet per second.

5.2.2.2 Impacts are to be delivered to the exterior side of the door (s) per ASTM E1886. Impact locations
as described below and as shown in figure 4).

5.2.2.2.1 Single Frames

Five impacts in accordance with Figure 4.

Figure 4 – Impact Locations for Frame Tests

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5.2.2.2.2 Pair Frames

Six impacts in accordance with Figure 4.

5.2.3 At the conclusion of this test, the frame shall not prevent the door (s) from operating after the simulated latch bolt (s) has been retracted and a 15-pound force is applied at the mid-height of the door, 1 inch horizontally from the lock edge. The frame shall remain in the opening.

5.3 Cycle Test

5.3.1 Upon completion of the impact tests specified in 5.2, the same assembly shall be subjected to the pressure cycling test specified in ASTM E1886.

5.3.2 At the conclusion of this test, the frame shall not prevent the door (s) from operating after the simulated latch bolt (s) has been retracted and a 15-pound force is applied at the mid-height of the door, 1-inch horizontally from the lock edge. The frame shall remain in the opening.

5.4 Frame Ratings

5.4.1 Frames that meet the criteria specified in this section shall be rated for the design pressure attained in the evaluation and for impact energy resistance. Ratings shall be specific to positive and negative design pressure configuration (single/ pair, in-swing/out-swing) and shall apply to all overall frame sizes (not to exceed either height or width of frame tested) equal to or smaller than the frame tested.

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6 Hinges

6.1 Leaf Hinges

Three representative specimens shall be tested. Ratings shall be based on the lowest load successfully
sustained by all three specimens.

6.1.1 Impact Test

6.1.1.1 Hinges shall be mounted for testing in the test fixture shown in figure 5. Hinges are to be mounted to the simulated frame and door sections using screws provided by the hinge manufacturer.

Figure 5 – Hinge Structural Load Test Fixture

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6.1.1.2 One 125 foot-pound impact shall be delivered to the simulated door section at a point 6 inches from the hinge centerline using the pendulum impactor specified in figure 3. Shearing of any fastener or deformation of the hinge which renders the hinge inoperable shall constitute a failure. The simulated door section shall be tested as an inswinging door.

NOTE: Impact energy specified delivers approximately twice the energy to the hinge as occurs in a typical door assembly test using a 9 pound 2 x 4 missile at 50 feet-per-second.

6.1.1.2.1 Exception

Hinges listed only for use in out-swing door assemblies do not require an impact test.

6.1.2 Structural Load Test

6.1.2.1 The test assembly described in 6.1.1.1 shall be mounted in a testing machine and loaded at a rate of 0.05 inches per minute until failure. The load shall be applied through a 3/4-inch diameter roller and 1/4-inch thick by 3-inch wide steel plate in a manner that places the attachments in shear on the push side of the simulated door section. The load at failure shall be recorded.

6.1.3 Rating

6.1.3.1 Hinges shall be rated for a design load based on the lowest ultimate load value determined in 6.1.2.1, divided by a safety factor of 1.5.

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6.2 Continuous Hinges and Pivots

6.2.1 Continuous hinges and/or pivots shall be tested in the maximum length with the minimum number of fasteners supplied by the manufacturer. Continuous hinges and/or pivots are to be tested applied to a simulated door as described in section 5.2.1.1 and a frame assembly designed to withstand the loads required to evaluate the hinge and/ or pivots to the level required. A simulated frame constructed from 4-inch to 6-inch wide structural steel channel and with a solid steel stop 1-inch wide by 5/8-inch high is suitable for this purpose. Pivots and continuous hinges shall be tested using the maximum size of door for which a rating is desired.

6.2.2 Static Pressure Test

6.2.2.1 Apply a pressure equal to 1.5 times the hinge manufacturer’s specified design pressure per ASTM E330 in both positive and negative directions. Hold each load for a minimum of 30 seconds, then release.

6.2.3 Impact Test

6.2.3.1 Using either the same assembly used for the static pressure test or an identical assembly, at the manufacturer’s option, conduct three impact tests using one of the impact test methods described in 5.2.2.1 at the following locations against the push side of the door.

6.2.3.1.1 Impact 6 inches down from the top and 6 inches horizontally from the hinge edge of the door.

6.2.3.1.2 Impact the mid-height of the door 6 inches from the hinge edge.

6.2.3.1.3 Impact 6 inches up from the door bottom and 6 inches from the hinge edge.

6.2.4 Cycle Test

6.2.4.1 Upon completion of the impact tests, the same assembly shall be cycled per ASTM E1886.

6.2.5 Throughout the tests described in section 6.2 the door shall remain secured in the frame and shall be operable at the conclusion of the tests.

6.2.6 Rating

6.2.6.1 Continuous hinges and pivots shall be rated for the impact energy resistance in foot-pounds and design pressure in pounds per square foot and maximum size, based on the tested assembly size for which they successfully complete the required testing.

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7 Latching Hardware

7.1 Locksets

7.1.1 Impact Test

7.1.1.1 Locksets shall be mounted in the test fixture described in figure 6. Mounting shall be in accordance with the lock manufacturer’s instructions. Locksets are to be in the locked mode for all tests.

Figure 6 – Lockset Test Fixture

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7.1.1.2 Strikes shall be mounted to the simulated frame section using the screws provided by the lock manufacturer.

7.1.1.3 One 125 foot-pound impact shall be delivered to the test fixture (push side) at a point 6 inches from the simulated door edge using the pendulum impactor specified in figure 3. If the lockset handle or other parts are in the indicated impact area, the impact location shall be moved upward sufficiently to avoid hitting the parts.

NOTE: Impact energy specified delivers approximately twice the energy to the latch as occurs in a typical door assembly test using a 9 pound 2 x 4 missile at 50 feet-per-second.

7.1.2 Structural Load Test

7.1.2.1 Upon completion of the impact test specified in section 7.1.1, the test fixture and the same specimen (figure 6) shall be mounted in a testing machine. A load shall then be applied equal to 1.5 times the manufacturers’ designated design load. The load shall be applied through a 3/4-inch roller and 1/4-inch by 3-inch steel loading plate of sufficient width to span the simulated door portion of the test fixture. This load shall be held for 30 seconds and then released.

7.1.2.2 Upon completion of the structural test the lockset shall be operable.

7.1.3 Lockset Rating

7.1.3.1 The lockset rating shall be the design load and impact energy specified by the manufacturer and verified by acceptable results in the impact and structural load test described in this section.

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7.2 Single Point Rim and Mortise Exit Devices

7.2.1 Single point rim and mortise exit devices shall be mounted on a door of the stiffness classification and maximum size for which a rating is to be determined. Mounting shall be in accordance with the device manufacturer’s instructions.

7.2.2 Impact Test

7.2.2.1 One 350 foot-pound impact shall be delivered to the pull side of the door using one of the impact test methods described in section 5.2.2.1. If hardware location interferes with the specified locations for impacts the impact shall be located as close to the specified location as possible in a manner that avoids impact on the hardware.

7.2.2.2 Upon completion of the impact tests the door shall remain latched and the single point rim or mortise exit device shall be operable.

7.2.3 Static Pressure Test

7.2.3.1 Upon completion of the impact tests specified in 7.2.2.1, the same assembly shall be mounted in a static pressure test chamber and tested per ASTM E330.

7.2.3.1.1 Apply 1.5 times the manufacturer’s specified design pressure to the push side of the door. Hold for a minimum of 30 seconds and release.

7.2.3.1.2 Upon completion of the test the single point rim or mortise exit device shall be operable.

7.2.4 Rating of Single Point Rim and Mortise Exit Devices

7.2.4.1 Single point rim or mortise exit devices shall be rated for the design pressure in pounds per square foot, impact energy resistance in footpounds, maximum pair or single door leaf size, and door stiffness classification specified by the device manufacturer and verified by acceptable results in the impact and structural load test described in this section.

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7.3 Multi-Point Latches

7.3.1 Multi-point latches shall be mounted on the maximum size pair of the minimum stiffness class doors specified by the manufacturer for testing.

Note: Since many exterior doors are used as a required “means of egress”, building codes do not generally
allow the use of additional manual bolts and locks on these doors. That is, it must be possible, under emergency conditions, for these doors to be opened with a single manual operation. The use of auxiliary latching devices as a means of increasing the windstorm resistance rating of an assembly should be verified for acceptability under prevailing building code requirements.

7.3.2 Impact Test

7.3.2.1 The door containing the device under test (active leaf) shall be subjected to three 350 footpound impacts using one of the impact test methods described in Section 5.2.2.1 to the pull side of the door. One impact is to be made at the upper meeting edge of the door 6 inches below the top edge of the door and 6 inches from the meeting edge. The second impact is to be made at the lower meeting edge of the door 6 inches above the bottom and 6 inches from the meeting door edge. The third impact is to be made at the center of the door opposite and 5 inches below the push bar. If hardware location interferes with the specified locations for impacts the impact shall be located as close to the specified location as possible in a manner that avoids impact on the hardware.

7.3.2.2 When other hardware is being evaluated simultaneously with bolts (surface or flush type) to increase the overall rating, then a fourth impact is to be made at the centerline of the other hardware and 6 inches from the meeting door edge.

7.3.2.3 Upon completion of the impact tests the multi-point latch shall be operable.

Figure 7 – Impact Locations for Multi-Point Latch Test

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7.3.3 Static Pressure Test

7.3.3.1 Upon completion of the impact test, the same assembly shall be tested on the impact assembly or mounted in a test chamber and tested per ASTM E330 under uniform static pressure.

7.3.3.2 Starting at the design pressure specified by the manufacturer, apply the pressure in 5 psf increments in both positive and negative directions until failure occurs. Each pressure increment shall be held for a minimum of 10 seconds in each direction.

7.3.3.3 After each pressure increment, remove the pressure and check the hardware for operability. One pressure increment consists of both a positive and negative pressure.

7.3.3.4 Record mode of failure and pressure increment at failure.

7.3.4 Multi-Point Latch Rating

7.3.4.1 Multi-point latches shall be rated for the impact energy resistance in foot-pounds and design pressure in pounds per square foot as follows:

7.3.4.1.1 For pairs of doors with four or more points of latching, the design pressure is the maximum test pressure increment that did not result in failure as determined by 7.3.3.3 divided by a safety factor of 1.5.

7.3.4.1.2 For pairs of doors with single point latching on the active leaf and multi-point latching on the inactive leaf as described in 7.3.2.1, the design pressure is the maximum test pressure increment that did not result in failure as determined by 7.3.3.3 divided by a safety factor of 1.5.

7.3.4.1.3 For pairs of doors with single point latching on the active leaf and multi-point latching on the inactive leaf as described in 7.3.2.2 with surface or flush bolts per ANSI/BHMA A156.16 Auxiliary Hardware, mounted on the inactive leaf, the design pressure is the maximum pressure increment that did not result in failure as determined by 7.3.3.3 divided by a safety factor of 3.0.

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8 Doors

8.1 Doors shall be tested in the largest size (overall area, greatest width, greatest height) for which a design pressure rating is to be applied. Requirements for framing systems or other reinforcements in doors shall be specified as defined in the manufacturer’s follow-up inspection procedures. All doors of the same design with smaller dimensions shall be given the same rating as the test door(s).

8.2 Stiffness Classification

8.2.1 Doors shall be classified for stiffness by performing the following twist test on a 3'0" by 7'0" sample of the full flush panel (no hardware preparations) door construction under investigation.

8.2.1.1 Mount the door panel in a rigid test frame and clamp the bottom two corners and one top corner securely to the frame.

8.2.1.2 Apply a load of 300 lbf through a 2.5 inch diameter by 1/4-inch thick steel pad to a point centered 3 inches down and 3 inches horizontally from the free corner of the door per ANSI A250.4.

8.2.1.3 Measure the door deflection at the free corner, as described in ANSI A250.4, to the nearest 0.01 inch.

8.2.2 Classifications

8.2.2.1 Doors shall be classified for stiffness as follows in Table 1 based on the results of the twist test.

Table 1 – Stiffness Classification

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8.3 Assembly Tests

8.3.1 Doors shall be installed in each assembly configuration for which a rating is to be determined. The following list shall be used to select the test configurations.

8.3.1.1 Single-swing with cylindrical single-point latch.

8.3.1.2 Single-swing with mortise single-point latch.

8.3.1.3 Single-swing with rim or mortise exit device.

8.3.1.4 Pairs of doors swinging in the same direction with 4-point latching – surface rods.

8.3.1.5 Pairs of doors swinging in the same direction with 4-point latching – concealed rods.

8.3.1.6 Pairs of doors swinging in the same direction with 3-point latching – surface rods by cylindrical latch.

Table 2 – Example Door Rating Data

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8.3.1.7 Pairs of doors swinging in the same direction with 3-point latching – flush bolts or CVR by mortise latch.

8.3.1.8 Pairs of doors swinging in the same direction with 3-point latching-mortise exit device by surface or concealed exit device.

8.3.1.9 Pairs of doors swinging in the same direction with 2-point latching – rim exit device with removable mullion.

8.3.2 A minimum of 3 assemblies shall be tested for single-swing configurations and a minimum of three assemblies shall be tested for pair configurations. Latching hardware configurations can be varied between the individual assemblies to provide coverage per 8.3.1. This includes combining surface and concealed-rod type hardware in one pair assembly to cover configurations from 8.3.1.4 and 8.3.1.5. The resulting ratings will be determined separately for pair and single-swing configurations. When the three assemblies of one swing type vary, the rating for the door is to be based on the highest design pressure test passed by all three assemblies.

8.3.3 Qualifying Doors for Lite Kits – Where doors are to be qualified to receive lite kits, at least one assembly shall be tested with maximum lite kit size desired. This assembly shall be an assembly or at least one of the assemblies from 8.3.2. Multiple lite kit designs and sizes may be tested for multiple ratings. The rating for the door is to be based on the highest design pressure test passed by the glazed assembly, but shall not exceed the rating of the opaque assemblies. The largest size (maximum area, height, and width of exposed light) of the lite kit and the minimum sizes of the door perimeter shall be defined. Requirements for framing systems or other reinforcements in doors shall be specified as defined in the manufacturer’s followup inspection procedures.

8.3.4 Doors are to be tested installed in frames using latching hardware and hinges with a design pressure rating greater than or equal to the specified design-pressure rating of the door.

8.3.5 Assemblies which incorporate manual surface bolts or other latching hardware intended only for use in severe storm conditions (hurricanes) shall be evaluated for design pressure strength per ASTM E330 with and without the additional hardware engaged. The ratings for such assemblies shall indicate design pressure for the assembly both with and without the additional hardware.

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8.4 Test Procedure

8.4.1 Each assembly configuration shall be tested to 1.5 times the design pressure, per ASTM E330.

8.4.2 Each assembly shall be tested based on the design pressure specified by the door manufacturer per ASTM E1886. Impact and cyclic load tests shall be conducted as specified in ASTM E1886. (At the discretion of the test sponsor the same or an identical assembly shall be permitted for the structural test.) For doors designated by the manufacturer as either in-swing only or out-swing only, the impact test shall be conducted only from the outdoor side of the assembly. For doors designated as either in-swing or out-swing, the impact tests shall be conducted from the outside (push side) of in-swinging assemblies on two samples and from the outside (pull side) of an out-swinging assembly on the third sample.

8.4.3 Assemblies shall remain closed and latched during the tests specified and the active leaf shall be operable at the conclusion of the tests.

8.5 Ratings of Doors

8.5.1 Ratings of doors shall include the following information (see Table 2):

1. Maximum Size;
2. Stiffness Classification for selection of rim and mortise exit devices;
3. Design Pressure Rating for each configuration type; (this provides consistency in
   language);
4. Impact Energy Resistance Classification;
5. Minimum Latch Throw for single point lock sets;
6. Minimum Latch Strength for single point lock sets.

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9 Door Lite Kits

9.1 Door lite kits shall be evaluated as complete glazing systems designed for installation into specific door types. These door types shall have been qualified to receive lite kits in accordance with paragraph 8.3.3. Glazing systems shall include all parts necessary to install the glazing in the door. This shall normally include at least a glazing panel, frame, sealant or glazing compound and fasteners. Requirements for framing systems or other reinforcements in doors shall be specified as defined in the manufacturer’s follow-up inspection procedures.

9.1.1 Glazing systems shall be tested in the largest size (maximum area, height, width of exposed light) to be rated in the smallest standard door size (minimum 3'0" x 7'0") that can accommodate the glazing system.

9.1.2 Alternately, glazing systems shall be tested as part of door assemblies as defined in paragraph 8.3.3. In this case, the largest size (maximum area, height, and width of exposed light) of the lite kit and the minimum sizes of the door perimeter shall be defined.

9.2 Test Procedure

9.2.1 Static Pressure Test

9.2.1.1 Each assembly configuration shall be tested to 1.5 times the design pressure, per ASTM E330.

9.2.1.2 Install the glazing system into the type and size of door specified by the glazing system manufacturer.
Three identical assemblies are required. The doors shall be mounted in frames and bucks as required for the standard door test procedure.

9.2.2 Impact Test

9.2.2.1 Test the assembly per ASTM E1886 with the impacts required applied to the center and one corner of the glazing panel in each assembly.

9.2.3 Cycle Test

9.2.3.1 Cycle test each assembly per ASTM E1886.

9.2.3.2 Upon completion of the impact and cycle tests there shall be no failure of the glazing system as defined in the referenced standard ASTM E1996.

9.3 Glazing System Ratings

9.3.1 Glazing systems shall be rated at the design pressure used in the evaluation and shall include minimum door size and maximum glazing dimensions (maximum area, maximum height and maximum width).

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10 Sidelights and/or Transoms

10.1 Sidelights and/or transoms shall be tested with doors, to the largest total size (maximum area, height and width) to be rated. Testing shall be performed per ASTM E1886 and ASTM E1996 with the impacts applied only to the glazed portion of the assembly. Doors used in the evaluation assembly shall be rated per this method for at least the design pressure specified for the sidelight/ transom assembly.

10.2 Installation of sidelight and/or transom assemblies shall be per manufacturer’s instructions. Frames for these assemblies shall be evaluated for installation in each wall type for which the product is intended. Installation instructions shall include: glazing material, sealants or glazing compounds, installation procedures, and details of frame anchoring methods.

10.3 Ratings for Sidelight and/or Transom Assemblies

10.3.1 Sidelight and/or transom assemblies shall be rated for design pressure based on tests in accordance with ASTM E1886 and ASTM E1996.

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11 Miscellaneous Components

11.1 Center Mullions Prepared for Hardware

11.1.1 Center mullions prepared for hardware shall be tested at the maximum height specified by the manufacturer. Install the mullion in a frame of the maximum width for which a rating is desired following the manufacturer’s instructions. Doors used for this test shall be stiffened as described in section 5.2.1.2.1, except that surface applied reinforcements are to be removed in areas required for mounting the latching device. Doors are to be equipped with rim exit devices or other hardware as specified by the manufacturer

11.1.2 Static Pressure Test

11.1.2.1 Load the assembly to 1.5 times design pressure in accordance with ASTM E330 in both positive and negative directions. Hold the pressure applied for a minimum of 30 seconds, then release.

11.1.3 Impact Test

11.1.3.1 On the same assembly used in the structural test or an identical assembly, at the manufacturer’s option, apply four impacts of 350 ft-lbf using one of the impact test methods described in section 5.2.2.1. One impact is to be applied at the meeting edge of the doors 6 inches down from the head jamb. The second impact is to be applied at the meeting edge of the doors 6 inches up from the sill and the third impact applied at the centerline of the latch and 6 inches horizontally from the latch edge of the door. Apply a fourth impact at the center of the other door 5 inches below the latch. Upon completion of the impact tests, conduct cycle testing as specified in ASTM E1886. At the completion of these tests the hardware mullion shall remain in place and the door assembly shall be operable.

11.1.4 Hardware mullions shall be rated for the impact energy successfully passed and for the design pressure tested in the static pressure and cycle tests.

Figure 8 – Impact Locations for Center Mullion Test

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11.2 Thresholds

11.2.1 Thresholds are only evaluated for their ability to retain latch bolts and strikes and remain secured to underlying construction when subjected to anticipated structural and impact energy loads.

11.2.2 Thresholds are to be tested in conjunction with hardware mullions as described in section 11.1 when applicable. Thresholds that are designed for direct attachment of latching devices shall be tested as follows.

11.2.3 Thresholds shall be tested at the maximum door opening width to which the resulting rating is to be applied. Thresholds shall be installed in a test assembly using a frame and stiffened doors (per 5.2.1.2.1) known to be capable of sustaining the required test pressure. Thresholds shall be attached to a simulated floor using the number, size and locations of fasteners specified by the manufacturer. The set-up shall be for a single-point latching on the active leaf and two-point latching on the inactive leaf with the bolt and strike specified by the manufacturer.

11.2.4 Static Pressure Test

11.2.4.1 The test assembly shall be loaded per ASTM E330 to 1.5 times the design pressure specified by the manufacturer in both positive and negative directions. The pressure in each direction shall be maintained for a minimum of 30 seconds, then released.

11.2.5 Impact Test

11.2.5.1 The same assembly or an identical assembly which has not been subjected to the 1.5 times design load test shall be used for this test at the manufacturer’s option. Impacts (350 ft-lb) shall be applied using one of the impact test methods described in section 5.2.2.1 to a location on the centerline of any latching device that engages into the sill at a point 6 inches up from the sill. If the assembly includes two latching locations, two impacts are required. If a single latch point is used, the threshold will be considered acceptable for two-point latching if two impacts are conducted at the same location.

11.2.6 Cycle Test

11.2.6.1 The same assembly used for the impact test in 11.2.3 shall be subjected to the cyclic pressure
test prescribed by ASTM E1886.

11.2.7 Upon completion of these tests, the door assembly shall be operable and the threshold shall remain in place.

11.2.8 Thresholds shall be rated for the impact energy successfully passed and for the latching load established in the structural load and cycle tests. Latching load (lbf) shall be calculated as design pressure (psf) times the area (square feet) of the opening divided by 4 (the equivalent of onequarter of the total load).

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12 Selection Criteria

12.1 The following process is used to determine Swinging Door Assembly Ratings for Severe Windstorm
Resistance from Component Ratings.

12.1.1 The first step in determining if an assembly meets a code requirement for severe windstorm resistance is for the building designer to determine the required performance level for the opening. This shall include a calculation of the required minimum design pressure in pounds per square foot and the determination of whether or not impact resistance is required. In most cases ASCE 7 is specified by the applicable building code and requires a thorough analysis of the building design and location to determine design pressure for each opening. State and local building codes will generally specify when impact resistance is required and at what level.

12.1.2 If impact resistance is required, each component of the opening shall have an impact rating equal to or greater than the impact energy required for the opening.

12.1.3 Determine the wall construction type for the opening (masonry, wood frame, steel, etc.). The selected frame and anchorage method must meet or exceed the design pressure and impact energy requirements for the opening. The size at which the frame is rated must be equal to or greater than the size requirement for the opening.

12.1.4 Determine the type of hinge needed for the application. Leaf and butt hinges are expressed in lbs force. To select leaf or butt hinges, multiply the design pressure by the tributary area in square feet for each hinge to determine the required hinge design load in pounds force (lbf). Select a hinge that meets or exceeds the design load and impact energy requirements for the opening (see examples in Appendix B).

12.1.4.2 Continuous hinges and pivots are rated for design pressure, impact energy and door leaf size. The design pressure and impact energy rating for the selected continuous or pivot hinge must meet or exceed the requirements for the opening. The required door size for the opening must be equal to or less than the door size listed for the hinge.

12.1.5 To select cylindrical lock or mortise lock for a door leaf, determine the latch bolt design load (lbf) required, by multiplying one-half of the nominal door leaf area in square feet by the design pressure. Select a lock with a design load rating (lbf) equal to or greater than the calculated latch design load (see examples in Appendix B).

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12.1.6 To select a rim exit, mortise exit, hardware mullion, or multi-point latch configuration, compare the rated hardware design pressure, impact energy requirement, and door size with the opening requirements. The selected hardware design pressure and impact energy requirements must meet or exceed the design pressure and impact energy requirements for the opening. The required door size for the opening must be equal to or less than the door size listed for the selected hardware.

NOTE: Stiffness classifications are only required for rim and mortise exit devices.

12.1.7 If a light kit is to be installed, select a light kit with a design pressure and impact energy rating equal to or greater than the required values.

12.1.8 To select a door leaf compare the rated design pressure, desired hardware configuration, impact energy, and size requirements with the opening requirements. Obtain the design pressure rating for the specified hardware configuration by checking the door rating data (see example in table 2). The rated door panel design pressure for the desired hardware configuration, impact energy, and size must meet or exceed the requirements for the opening. If rim exits or mortise exits are specified, the door panel must meet or exceed the door stiffness classification for the rim or mortise exit device being used.

12.1.9 All components must be installed in accordance with the component manufacturer’s instructions. The assembly rating is equal to the lowest design pressure rating of the selected components and must be equal to or greater than the design pressure required for the opening.

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Appendix A

(normative)

Tolerances and Conversion of Measurements to SI

I-P Value	0.05I-P Unit300	I-P Tolerance	SI Value	SI Unit	SI Tolerance
110	MPH	NA	49	M/s	NA
150	MPH	NA	67	M/s	NA
5	PSF	±0.5	239	Pa	±24
10	PSF	±0.5	479	Pa	±24
60	in	±0.25	1524	mm	±6
30	in	±0.25	762	mm	±6
40-5/16	in	±1/8	1024	mm	±3
1-1/4	in	±1/8	32	mm	±3
3/16	in	±1/32	4.8	mm	±1
16	in	±1	406	mm	±25
6	in	±1	152	mm	±25
3	in	±1/8	76	mm	±3
15	lbf	±0.5	67	N	±2
1	in	±1/16	25	mm	±2
350	ft-lb	±3.5	475	N-M	±5
100	lb	±1	45.4	Kg	±0.5
12	in	±1/8	305	mm	±3
24	in	±1/8	610	mm	±3
50	ft/sec	NA	1.52	M/s	NA
0.05	in/min	±0.005	1.3	mm/min	±0.1
300	lbf	±3	1334	N	±13
2.5	in	±0.1	64	mm	±2.5
1/4	in	±0.03	6	mm	±1
0.01	in	NA	0.25	mm	NA
0.5	in	NA	12.7	mm	NA
1.0	in	NA	25.4	mm	NA
2.0	in	NA	50.8	mm	NA
3.0	in	NA	76.2	mm	NA

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Appendix B

Opening Design Pressure Rating = 70 psf based on door.
Qualifies for Impact Energy Rating of 350 ft-lbf.

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Example 2

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American National Standard

Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSl that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer.

Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSl Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution.

The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether they have approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give any interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.

CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the
American National Standards Institute.

Foreword

The material contained in this document has been developed under the auspices of the Technical Committee of the Steel Door Institute.

Suggestions for improvement gained in the use of this standard will be welcome and should be sent to the Steel Door Institute, 30200 Detroit Road, Cleveland, Ohio, 44145-1967.

The organizations that have approved this standard are as follows:

American Institute of Architects
Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association
Canadian Steel Door Manufacturers Association
Cedar Valley Associates
Door and Hardware Institute
FM Approvals
HMMA/Division of NAAMM
Intertek Testing Services
Manufactured Housing Institute
National Association of Home Builders
Steel Door Institute
Therma-Tru
Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
Vetrotech Saint-Gobain
WDMA

The Technical Committee of the Steel Door Institute, which has developed this Standard had the following personnel at the time of approval:

Allan Ashachik, Chairman
Dave Dedic, 1st Vice Chairman
Dan Buffenbarger, 2nd Vice Chairman

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